Technical Manual · Version 1.0

26 original implementations, built from the research up

We studied over 140 peer-reviewed papers across cognitive science, neuropsychology, and psychometrics. Then we built every test from scratch, grounded in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll framework and aligned with clinical gold standards like the WAIS-V.

Theoretical Framework

Why CHC theory organizes the battery

The battery is organized according to the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of cognitive ability (Carroll, 1993; McGrew, 2009), the predominant framework in modern cognitive assessment. CHC integrates Cattell's fluid-crystallized distinction, Horn's multi-factor model, and Carroll's massive factor-analytic synthesis of decades of psychometric data.

We chose CHC because it offers empirical integration (70+ years of factor-analytic research), clinical utility (aligns with practitioner expectations and existing instruments like the WAIS-V), and measurement transparency (clear definitions of narrow abilities that guide principled test selection).

DomainCHC Broad AbilityWAIS-V IndexNarrow Abilities
Processing SpeedGsPSIPerceptual Speed, Inspection Time
Working MemoryGsmWMIMemory Span, WM Capacity, Attention
Fluid ReasoningGfPRIInductive Reasoning, Spatial Relations
Verbal ComprehensionGcVCIVocabulary, Verbal Knowledge
Executive FunctionGf + Gs + AttnCompositeInhibition, Flexibility, Planning
AttentionGs (Narrow)PSISustained, Selective, Vigilance
Dyscalculia ScreeningGqN/ANumber Sense, Subitizing, Arithmetic
Battery Overview

29 tests, each built on a published paradigm

The full battery requires approximately 120 minutes. All tests are delivered via jsPsych (de Leeuw, 2015) with millisecond-precision timing and run entirely in the browser.

TestDomainParadigm SourcePrimary MeasureTime
Symbol CodingSpeedSDMT (Smith, 1973)Correct pairs / 90s~3 min
Simple Reaction TimeSpeedJensen (2006)Median RT (ms)~3 min
Digit Span ForwardWMWAIS-V (Wechsler, 2024)Span length~4 min
Digit Span BackwardWMWAIS-V (Wechsler, 2024)Span length~4 min
Corsi Block-TappingWMCorsi (1972)Spatial span~4 min
N-Back (2-Back)WMOwen et al. (2005)d-prime~5 min
Operation SpanWMTurner & Engle (1989)Words recalled~6 min
Matrix ReasoningFluidRaven (1938)Correct / 20~5 min
Pattern CompletionFluidKABC-II (Kaufman, 2004)Correct / 18~4 min
VocabularyVerbalWAIS-V (Wechsler, 2024)Correct / 25~4 min
Verbal SimilaritiesVerbalWAIS-V (Wechsler, 2024)Score (0-40)~4 min
Verbal AnalogiesVerbalMiller Analogies (1967)Correct / 18~4 min
Category FluencyVerbalTroyer et al. (1998)Words / 60s~4 min
StroopExecStroop (1935)Interference (ms)~5 min
Trail Making A & BExecPartington & Leiter (1949)Completion time (s)~4 min
WCST AnalogueExecGrant & Berg (1948)Perseverative errors~6 min
Tower of LondonExecShallice (1982)Excess moves~5 min
Flanker TaskAttentionEriksen & Eriksen (1974)Flanker effect (ms)~4 min
Go/No-GoAttentionAron et al. (2007)False alarm rate~3 min
Stop-Signal TaskAttentionLogan (1994)SSRT (ms)~5 min
CPT AnalogueAttentionRosvold et al. (1956)d-prime, vigilance~12 min
SubitizingDyscalculiaKaufman et al. (1949)Accuracy, slope~3 min
Magnitude ComparisonDyscalculiaMoyer & Landauer (1967)Distance effect (ms)~3 min
Dot ComparisonDyscalculiaPiazza et al. (2010)Weber fraction~3 min
Arithmetic FluencyDyscalculiaWRAT-5 (Wilkinson, 2017)Correct / 60s~5 min
Number Line EstimationDyscalculiaSiegler & Booth (2004)% Absolute Error~3 min
Test Specifications

How each test was built

Every test below includes its CHC alignment, task structure, scoring methodology, the published paradigm it's based on, and known limitations. Expand a domain to see the full specifications.

Scoring Methodology

From raw scores to cognitive profiles

Composite Score Derivation

Within each domain, subtest raw scores are converted to z-scores using preliminary normative data, then averaged into domain composites. Direction is adjusted so higher always means better (reaction-time scores are reversed). Domain z-scores are converted to T-scores (M=50, SD=10) for interpretability.

Normative Basis

Scores are referenced against published normative datasets, selected by the user's language and region. Two normative populations are currently supported:

International norms (English): Derived from published studies including WAIS-IV/V (Wechsler, 2008; 2024), Tombaugh (2004), Strauss, Sherman & Spreen (2006), and NIH Toolbox standardization samples. Applied to English-language administrations.

NEURONORMA Spanish norms: For Spanish-language administrations, 8 tests are normed against the NEURONORMA project (Peña-Casanova et al., 2009–2013), the gold-standard normative dataset for Spanish adults. NEURONORMA tested 1,365 cognitively healthy, community-dwelling Spanish adults aged 18–90 across multiple centers, providing age- and education-adjusted norms. Tests with NEURONORMA norms: Digit Span, Corsi Blocks, Stroop, Trail Making, Tower of London, DSST, Word Fluency (P/M/R), and Wisconsin Card Sorting. Additional Spanish norms are being integrated from the NEURONORMA-Plus project (2024).

Missing Data

A domain composite requires completion of at least 50% of subtests. Missing subtests are imputed using the mean z-score of completed subtests. Domains below the threshold are flagged as incomplete.

Interpretation guidance: Focus on relative strengths and weaknesses within the individual's profile rather than absolute T-scores, which are provisional until formal norms are available. Scores from this battery are not diagnostic and should never be used for clinical decisions without professional evaluation.

Known Limitations

What this platform cannot do

No In-Person Administration

Unlike clinical evaluations, there is no examiner present to observe behavior, assess effort, or note concerning presentations. Behavioral observations are unavailable.

Environmental Variability

Participants may test in suboptimal environments (noisy rooms, interruptions, poor lighting). There is no way to ensure standardized conditions.

No Effort Validation

No embedded validity indicators or effort-correction indices. Individuals with low motivation cannot be reliably distinguished from those with true cognitive deficits.

Preliminary Norms

Current norms are based on a small, non-representative sample. Absolute T-scores should be interpreted cautiously. Formal normative data will be available in Version 1.1 (late 2026).

Limited Validity Evidence

Convergent validity (vs WAIS-V), discriminant validity, and predictive validity have not yet been established. Validation studies are in progress.

Incomplete Domain Coverage

Visuospatial abilities are underrepresented. Long-term declarative memory, expressive language, naming, and constructional abilities are not assessed. Individuals with suspected neurocognitive disorders need comprehensive evaluation including these missing domains.

Age and Language Constraints

English norms validated for adults aged 18–65. Spanish (NEURONORMA) norms cover ages 18–90 for 8 tests; the remaining tests use international reference data. Adolescent norms and norms for languages other than English and Spanish are not yet available.

How to Cite

Dominguez, C. (2026). Neuropsych Cognitive Battery: Technical Manual, Version 1.0. Retrieved from neuropsych.io